红茶加工过程中微生物卫生质量关键控制研究

红茶微生物卫生安全性问题是其出口的主要问题之一。为提高红茶卫生质量,根据它的生产工艺特点,随机抽取红茶生产中主要环节的茶样,分析其中细菌总数、大肠菌群最近似数、霉菌总数的污染情况,分析判定出红茶加工过程中卫生质量关键控制环节,提出红茶卫生质量改进措施。     

基于网络的多媒体CAI软件设计与实现

通过对基于 Internet与 Intranet网上多媒体 CAI软件设计与制作技术的介绍 ,重点讨论了软件结构设计和大容量文件信息网上快速传输的技术处理     

The effects of land tenure policy on rural livelihoods and food sufficiency in the upland village of Que,North Central Vietnam

The paper documents how the implementation of the land tenure policy of the Vietnamese government has affected the agricultural system, livelihood strategies and food self-sufficiency of Thai farmers in a remote upland village, Que, in Nghe An Province, North Central Vietnam. It is shown that the enforcement of restrictions on the area under swidden agriculture has resulted in a strong reduction of swidden agriculture production and shortened fallow periods, not compensated for by the slow increase in paddy rice production. It is suggested that while the changes imposed on land use certainly lead to an increase in forest cover, it is likely that the shortened fallow cycle on the land allocated to swiddening will lead to declining yields and replacement of forest fallow by bush and grass fallow, and thus to decreases in labour productivity. It is discussed whether there are options open to farmers for changing their portfolio of income generating activities in order to maintain and improve food self-sufficiency, income and living conditions. Finally, new trends in Vietnamese land tenure policy are outlined, and their possible implications discussed.     

Response of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sorghum bicolor</Emphasis> varieties to soil salinity for feed and food production in Karakalpakstan,Uzbekistan

Water and land salinization, caused by ill-practiced irrigation and drainage is acute and widespread in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. A crop frequently grown in these marginal areas is sorghum because of its capability to adapt to saline conditions. However, the salt uptake potential of local varieties for salt-ameliorative purposes, as well as possible income-generation benefits, have not yet been studied. Therefore, field experiments on low, medium and highly saline soils were conducted using four sorghum cultivars (S. vulgare, S. cernuum, S. durra, and S. technicum). The effect of soil salinity on biomass, stover and grain yield, the baking and feed quality, and total water soluble salt (TDS) accumulation, was assessed according to varieties, plant fractions and growth phases. Results showed that S. cernuum had the highest grain yield on the low (5.13 t ha⁻¹), medium (6.05 t ha⁻¹) and highly (3.3 t ha⁻¹) saline soil. S. technicum showed the lowest growth potential under all salinity levels. TDS accumulation varied between 406 and 185 kg ha⁻¹ depending on variety, site, plant fractions and growth stage. Irrespective of the soil salinity levels and varieties, TDS was highest in stover and leaves, while highest TDS uptake, mainly chlorides and bicarbonates, occurred between booting and flowering. Baking quality of all varieties was extremely low, whereas the in-vitro feed was assessed as of medium quality. The findings indicate the scope of local sorghum varieties for phytomelioration of marginal lands in Karakalpakstan, while concurrently satisfying a wider range of rural livelihood needs.     

双螺杆食品挤压机计算机控制系统研究

为了提高双螺杆食品挤压机挤出食品的质量，在对挤压过程进行了分析和研究的基础上，研制了一套计算机控制系统。该系统能够自动控制双螺杆食品挤压机的各区温度和机头压力，能够在计算机屏幕上实时模拟挤压机的工作状态。经现场使用表明，该控制系统工作稳定、可靠，操作方便，省时、省工，确保了双螺杆食品挤压机挤出食品的质量的提高。     

叶类蔬菜硝酸盐与矿质元素含量及其相关性研究

对重庆市 2 3种叶类蔬菜NO-3 和部分矿质元素含量及其相关性研究结果表明 ,不同蔬菜、同一蔬菜不同品种NO-3 和矿质元素含量差异很大 ,除莴笋、西生菜和瓢儿白 (卷心 )鲜菜食用安全外 ,其他均有不同程度污染 ,且以芹菜食用安全性最差。不同叶类菜矿质元素间多数相关性很好 ,尤以N、P、K(除个别元素外 )与其他矿质元素呈显著或极显著正相关 ;叶类菜鲜样中NO-3 含量与K、Na、Ca和Fe呈显著或极显著正相关 ,叶类菜干样中NO-3 与P、S、Mn、Zn、B和Mo呈负相关 ,且与B、P达显著负相关     

农业物料不规则应力应变关系的分形描述问题

提出了分形几何在农业物料和食品的不规则应力应变关系研究中的应用,指出分维既可以作为应力应变曲线的不规则程度的定量描述的有效手段,而且与物料或食品的结构特征和质构特征密切相关。文中对物料力学特性与微结构的相关性、分形重构以及分形上下尺度界限等有待深入研究的重要方面进行了讨论。     

出口苹果质量安全预警方法的研究

本研究介绍一种基于出口苹果质量安全监测数据的预警方法,通过对实时采集的出口苹果安全检测数据的监测,采用不同的算法发现存在的异常情况,自动对出口苹果进行质量安全预警。这是对当前食品安全预警的初步研究,期望为今后食品安全预警系统的研究提供理论依据。     

基于RFID技术的食品体系研究

食品安全是一个世界性的问题，因此食品安全追溯体系的建设在世界各国都在进行研究与应用。随着我国对外贸易的发展及国内消费水平的不断提高，食品安全也成为我国各级政府、生产与消费者都非常关心的一个问题，因此，食品安全追溯体系在我国食品及原料生产中的研究与应用日益迫切，RFID技术的研究与应用为食品安全追溯体系的建设提供了技术基础。本文根据RFID技术的特点，结合食品的生产、加工、储藏、运输、销售等各个环节可追溯的因素，分析了我国食品安全追溯体系的研究策略、共性关键技术及标准研究、实施方案、信息采集的范围与方法等，并指出了此项技术应用的优势和不足之处。     

The detrital food web in a shortgrass prairie

Summary Several experimental approaches have been taken to demonstrate the importance of soil fauna in nitrogen mineralization, but there have been difficulties interpreting the results. We have supplemented the experimental approach with theoretical calculations of nitrogen transformations in a shortgrass prairie. The calculations incorporate a wide array of information on decomposer organisms, including their feeding preferences, nitrogen contents, life spans, assimilation efficiencies, productio:assimilation ratios, decomposabilities, and population sizes. The results are estimates of nitrogen transfer rates through the detrital food web, including rates of N mineralization by bacteria, fungi, root-feeding nematodes, collembolans, fungal-feeding mites, fungal-feeding nematodes, flagellates, bacterial-feeding nematodes, amoebae, omnivorous nematodes, predaceous nematodes, nematode-feeding mites, and predaceous mites.Bacteria are estimated to mineralize the most N (4.5 g N m^–2 year^–1), followed by the fauna (2.9), and fungi (0.3). Bacterial-feeding amoebae and nematodes together account for over 83% of N mineralization by the fauna.The detrital food web in a shortgrass prairie is similar to that of a desert grassland. The shortgrass detrital web seems to be divided into bacteria- and fungus-based components, although these two branches are united at the level of predaceous nematodes and mites.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. M.S. Ghilarov